• Adiponectin is an adipokine whose

  2025-03-03

  

  Adiponectin is an adipokine whose circulating level is depleted in a number of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, diabetes and cancer (Khan et al., 2015, Singh et al., 2014a, Singh et al., 2014b, Yamauchi et al., 2014). Despite its importance in health and pathophysiology, adiponectin

• br Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing force driving me

  2025-03-03

  

  Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing force driving membrane protrusion is generated by polymerizing chondroitin sulfate glucosamine filaments organized either into branched networks or parallel bundles. Branched networks are assembled through Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin nucleation and dri

• Both subcutaneous s c and mucosal administration of s

  2025-03-03

  

  Both subcutaneous (s.c.) and mucosal administration of short synthetic peptide derivatives of AChR prevent the onset of EAMG, but do not treat ongoing EAMG [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85]. The selection of peptides for treatment is mainly based on the identification of immunodominant T- and B-ce

• br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and

  2025-03-03

  

  Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream target

  2025-03-01

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including FG2216 D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15-HETE in th

• To further investigate the role of cholesterol

  2025-03-01

  

  To further investigate the role of cholesterol in the Rh2-induced cytotoxicity, we then focused on the U937 cell line, which is cholesterol auxotroph and considered as a valuable model to study the importance of cholesterol in membrane structure and function (Billheimer et al., 1987), and used the e

• br The pathogenesis of AD and the targets of

  2025-03-01

  

  The pathogenesis of AD and the targets of apelin Alzheimer's drugs Conclusions Introduction APJ, first identified from a human genomic library in 1993, belongs to a member of seven trans-membrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Its amino PDK1 inhibitor sequence has 31% homology with

• Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each

  2025-03-01

  

  Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each apelin peptide, a more reliable approach, mass spectrometry (MS) has been used recently to quantify and characterize apelin fragments in plasma. Using this technology, Zhen et al. showed that [Pyr-1]-apelin-13 was the major apelin form present in

• Sustained release property is also associated

  2025-03-01

  

  Sustained release property is also associated with side effects reduction [16] that could be confirmed by histopathological analyzes. Massive infiltrating inflammatory cells, hyperproliferation of skin layers and keratin pearls, caused by DMBA and croton oil application [32] are attenuated in Imq-lo

• There are no studies documented the role of

  2025-03-01

  

  There are no studies documented the role of RAS in the differentiation of MSCs into IPCs but there are previous studies indicating that Ang II receptors exhibit opposing actions on MSCs differentiation, into other cell types rather than IPCs. The blockade of AT2R was reported to suppress MSCs differ

• We next considered the effect of alkyl chain length

  2025-03-01

  

  We next considered the effect of alkyl chain length on the inhibitory activity. As can be seen from , it is obvious that there is no proportional relationship between the methylene chain length and activity. The activity decreased when the chain length increased from 1 to 3 and increased with elonga

• 832 582 4016 Curcumin is able to upregulate

  2025-03-01

  

  Curcumin is able to upregulate the protein level of NGF through cannabinoid receptor CB1, where the activation of Akt pathway probably plays an important part in the CB1-mediated signal transmission [9,10]. This finding suggested that the protection of curcumin in spinal motor neurons of SNI rats is

• However although in vitro studies in heterologous systems ha

  2025-03-01

  

  However, although in vitro studies in heterologous systems have provided very important indications of potential novel pharmacology, the studies with endogenous receptors in native tissues are essential to provide evidence for GPCR heteromerization in vivo and to confirm its physiological relevance.

• Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell fu

  2025-03-01

  

  Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell function via four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1Rs A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) that are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes [31]. Each is encoded by a separate gene and has different functions, although with some ove

• The potential use of derivatives belonging to this series as

  2025-03-01

  

  The potential use of derivatives belonging to this series as therapeutic agents mostly depends on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The pharmacokinetic phase includes absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of the studied compounds. Therefore, preliminary data for theore

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