• The different serotypes A G have unique receptors to

  2021-05-31

  

  The different serotypes (A-G) have unique receptors to which they bind to produce the toxic effect on the nerve cells. (Lance, 2004, Rosetto et al., 2014). Intracellularly, the endopeptidase activity of different serotypes of BoNT target selectively a unique group of proteins, the SNARE FPS-ZM1 aust

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR and

  2021-05-31

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati

• Most remarkably an essentially identical collagen binding mo

  2021-05-31

  

  Most remarkably, an essentially identical collagen-binding mode to DDR2 is employed by SPARC, an α-helical matricellular protein unrelated to DDR2 that also recognizes the GVMGFO motif in collagen (Giudici et al., 2008, Hohenester et al., 2008). The convergence of binding mechanisms suggests that th

• br Introduction The protein Epidermal Growth Factor

  2021-05-31

  

  Introduction The protein Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (EGFR-TK) play important role in non small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and vital therapeutic progress withinin the treatment of this ailment has revamped the past ten years through the exploitation of this insight (Mok et a

• The Wnt signaling pathway has

  2021-05-31

  

  The Wnt signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be responsible for a variety of biological processes. The three best-characterized Wnt signaling pathways are the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway. The canonical Wnt/β-cat

• br Expression of DNMTs during

  2021-05-31

  

  Expression of DNMTs during testicular development In most multicellular organisms, male and female germ cells are the origin of development of an organism, and they provide inheritance of genetic and epigenetic information across the generations. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) derive from a subset

• br Conclusions br Conflict of interest br Financial disclosu

  2021-05-31

  

  Conclusions Conflict of interest Financial disclosure Introduction In prokaryotes, six distinct autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways have been identified so far. Of these pathways, 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3-HP/4-HB) cycle is one of the recently discovered pathways [1]. The 3-

• br DDR role in kidney

  2021-05-31

  

  DDR1 role in kidney Thirty-eight papers are reported in PubMed upon the keyword search “DDR1 AND kidney”. Careful examination of those papers shows that only 31 are related to DDR1's role in glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis, 24 of those being research and the rest review articles. Since the

• br Discussion Our data demonstrate that the bicyclam AMD str

  2021-05-31

  

  Discussion Our data demonstrate that the bicyclam AMD3100 strongly interacts with CXCR-4, whereas DS and AR177, two other compounds that also interfere with virus entry into the VX-680 receptor (and interfere with virus binding), do not. AMD3100 is a unique compound in that it interferes with th

• This review focuses on the atomic basis of CRM

  2021-05-31

  

  This review focuses on the atomic basis of CRM1-mediated nuclear export. There are now 27 crystal structures of CRM1 in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) (www.rcsb.org) [64]. Collectively, this large body of work explains various aspects of CRM1 function. Here we summarize the structure–function studies t

• Depending on the needs of the product

  2021-05-31

  

  Depending on the needs of the product to be preserved, there are several levels of barrier packaging. Usually they are classified into low and high barriers. High barriers have a low oxygen transmittal rate, low moisture vapor transmission rate, and a high tensile strength, or puncture resistance. W

• It is noteworthy that epidemiological studies have

  2021-05-28

  

  It is noteworthy that epidemiological studies have demonstrated that some GAD patients have experienced anxiety symptoms in childhood and young adulthood, whereas others have developed their disorder at a later age (especially persons ≥ 50 years of age) (Hoehn-Saric et al., 1993; Le Roux et al., 200

• In the present study we investigated the effect

  2021-05-28

  

  In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine withdrawal on G-protein coupling to opioid and ET receptors in neonatal rats. Morphine-induced G-protein activation was significantly higher in neonatal rats undergoing morphine withdrawal; suggesting enhanced coupling of the receptors to G

• Since clinical studies mostly involved cases that used MPA

  2021-05-28

  

  Since clinical studies mostly involved cases that used MPA, data from studies that examined other types of progestogens are very limited. While the WHI study examined the combination of conjugated equine estrogens plus MPA [1], the Million Women Study [2] that also demonstrated an increased risk of

• In bone PGE exerts both anabolic and catabolic

  2021-05-28

  

  In bone, PGE2 exerts both anabolic and catabolic effects [6], [7], [8], [9]. Administration of PGE2 to mice lacking each of the four prostanoid receptors identified EP4 as the primary mediator of PGE2-induced bone formation [10]. While the role of EP1 in osteoblastic differentiation and bone metabol

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